Police Encounters
Most encounters with police are decided in the first sixty seconds. The goal isn't to win the argument on the sidewalk — it's to leave with your record and your safety intact, and to handle anything unfair in court later.
The Script
Say these out loudAre you being detained?
"Officer, am I free to go?"
If they want to search you or your stuff
"I do not consent to a search."
Before you answer any questions
"I am going to remain silent. I want a lawyer."
Do
- Keep your hands visible. Move slowly. Tell them before you reach for anything.
- Remember badge numbers, car numbers, and the names of any witnesses.
- Film if you can do it safely — it's your right in a public place.
Don't
- Don't run, even if you're innocent. It gives them legal cover to chase.
- Don't lie or give a fake name — that's its own charge.
- Don't argue your case at the scene. Save it for a lawyer.
Where you live
The law changes at the borderPick your state in the header to see how the rules on this page change where you live. The national guidance above is the floor — your state may give you more.
Scenario Q&A
Do I have to show ID?
It depends where you live. In 'stop and identify' states, you must give your name if you're lawfully detained. You generally never have to answer further questions beyond that.
Can they search my backpack?
Not without a warrant, your consent, or a specific legal exception (like a clear safety threat). Say out loud that you don't consent, even if they search anyway — it matters later in court.
Can I record the police?
Yes, in any public place, as long as you're not physically interfering. Don't hand them your phone — keep filming from a safe distance.
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